Colorectal cancer, cancer that begins in either the colon or the rectum, is the 2nd most common cancer in the United States. Colon cancer affects the large intestine of the digestive tract (the colon), while rectal cancer is located in the last several inches of the colon. When discussed together, these conditions are referred to as colorectal cancers. Colorectal cancer often forms slowly, over the course of several years, when a polyp (non-cancerous growth) becomes present on the lining of the rectum or colon. What’s most astonishing is the fact that this disease is thought of to be preventable, yet has the 2nd highest rate of incidence. This is why colonoscopy is such an important tool in the prevention of colorectal cancer. By using screening colonoscopies, a physician can detect pre-malignant polyps and remove them before the cells become cancerous.
Adenomatous polyps are what develop into cancerous tumors and are seen as a pre-cancerous condition. And while inflammatory polyps are generally benign, it is still important for your doctor to monitor. If the tumor were to continue to grow into the wall of the colon or rectum, it can potentially get into the lumph vessels or blood and metastasize, spreading to other areas of the body.
Early cancers and polyps do not generally cause any symptoms, which is why screening (colonoscopy) is so important in preventing this disease. When symptoms do develop, the most common symptoms are rectal bleeding and changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea. Some patients with more advanced forms of the disease may also experience abdominal pain, weakness or fatigue, nausea, vomiting, or sudden weight loss.
Colonoscopy is the best tool for screening and preventing colorectal cancer. With early detection and removal of pre-cancerous polyps, colorectal cancer can be prevented altogether. If at the type of colonoscopy polyps are found, the chance of future cancer does increase. Therefore, it is recommended that a patient then has routine colonoscopies every 3 – 5 years instead of every 10. Like most all cancer-related diseases, early detection is key! Do not put off getting your colonoscopy. If you notice any change in your bowel habits, have experienced sudden and unexpected weight loss, and/or experience rectal bleeding, make an appointment for a private consultation with one of our renowned colorectal specialist in our office.
The treatment process for rectal cancer is heavily dependent on how far the tumor has penetrated into the wall of the rectum. After you have been diagnosed it is likely that several tests including a CEA blood level, CT scan or PET scan of your chest, abdomen, and pelvis will be ordered to analyze if cancer has spread to other parts of the body. Usually, an in-office exam will also be conducted to assess how close the tumor is relative to the anus and sphincter muscles. In addition, a rectal ultrasound or pelvic MRI may also be performed to determine how deep the tumor has penetrated and to see if any lymph nodes have been invaded. For cancers affecting the lower portion of the rectum, a sphincter-sparing surgery may be an option if cancer has not affected the sphincter muscles. In certain cases, when the anal sphincter muscles are affected by the tumor, removal of the entire anus and rectum may be necessary in order to ensure the highest possibility for a cure.
The treatments for colon cancer and rectal cancer are somewhat different. After you are diagnosed with colon cancer, your physicians may order several tests including blood (CEA level) and imaging tests (typically CT scan or PET scan of your abdomen and pelvis). If your cancer appears to be early stage, then surgery is the next step. This involves removal of the involved segment of colon along with the mesentery containing the lymph nodes and reconnection of the bowel. In most cases, this can be accomplished by minimally invasive surgery such as laparoscopy or robotic-assisted surgery. At the Surgery Group of LA Dr. Yosef Nasseri is one of the most sought-after and highly skilled robotic colorectal surgeons, utilizing the latest and most advanced surgical techniques to treat cancers of the colon and rectum. Once a tumor is evaluated by a pathologist, our team of specialist will then tailor and individual treatment plan to meet the patient’s specific needs
Obesity has been identified as a significant risk factor for colon cancer. Excess body fat can lead to chronic inflammation and increased insulin levels, both of which may promote the development of cancerous cells in the colon. Maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular physical activity can help reduce this risk.
Yes, adopting certain dietary habits can lower the risk of colon cancer. Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes provides essential nutrients and fiber that promote digestive health. Limiting the intake of red and processed meats, as well as reducing alcohol consumption, can further decrease risk. Incorporating fermented foods like yogurt and kimchi may also support a healthy gut microbiome, which plays a role in cancer prevention.
The gut microbiome, consisting of trillions of microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, plays a crucial role in overall health, including cancer prevention. A diverse and balanced microbiome aids in digestion, regulates the immune system, and protects against harmful pathogens. Disruptions in this microbial balance have been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer. Consuming a varied diet rich in fiber and fermented foods can help maintain a healthy gut microbiome.
While most cases of colon cancer are sporadic, a portion can be attributed to hereditary factors. Individuals with a family history of colon cancer or inherited syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome have a higher risk. It’s important for those with a family history to discuss screening options with their healthcare provider, as earlier and more frequent screenings may be recommended.
Yes, although colon cancer is more common in individuals over 50, there has been an increase in cases among younger adults. Factors contributing to this trend may include lifestyle changes, obesity, and dietary habits. Awareness of symptoms and early screening are crucial, regardless of age, especially if there is a family history of the disease.
Regular screening is vital for the early detection and prevention of colon cancer. Screening methods like colonoscopy can identify precancerous polyps, allowing for their removal before they develop into cancer. Early detection through screening significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates.
More importantly, our team of world-renowned surgeons have saved countless lives, and have enabled countless more to live healthy, happy lives.
When it comes to your health, you deserve nothing but the best. At the Surgery Group of LA, our team of highly experienced colon cancer specialists, Dr. Yosef Nasseri and Dr. Moshe Barnajian are dedicated to providing you with top-notch care and personalized treatment options. If you or a loved one is facing a diagnosis of colon cancer, taking the first step towards a consultation with our experts can make all the difference.
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