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What is Hyperthyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism is often a debilitating disease that takes a large toll on the entire body. In most cases, a parathyroid tumor is located in one of the four parathyroid glands. Often the tumor is benign, called a parathyroid adenoma. As the tumor grows, it begins to release greater than normal amounts of PTH, causing Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Simply put, Primary Hyperparathyroidism is an excess of parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream due to overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands.
The leading cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s disease, a disorder that causes the thyroid to become inflamed and unable to produce enough thyroid hormone.
- Weakening of the bones or osteoporosis
- Fatigue, memory loss, poor concentration, anxiety, and depression
- High blood pressure
- Rhythm abnormalities in the heart and heart palpitations
- Intestinal issues such as acid reflux and constipation
Definition: Cancerous and benign (non-cancerous) growths are called nodules.
Causes: Iodine deficiency, overgrowth of normal thyroid tissue, cysts, chronic inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis)
Symptoms: Benign nodules, while not life-threatening, may cause symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, intolerance to heat, nervousness, irritability, trouble sleeping, and rapid or irregular heartbeat. This is because the nodules are producing extra hormones. Additionally, swelling of the thyroid glands can cause difficulty in breathing and swallowing.
Beyond understanding what a thyroid nodule is, it is also recommended that you learn how to check for lumps in you throat and understand the different types of nodules that exist.
- Excisional biopsy – Removal of a small part of the thyroid gland
- Lobectomy – Removal of half of the thyroid gland
- Total thyroidectomy – Removal of all identifiable thyroid tissues
If it’s determined that thyroid surgery is the best thyroid treatment for your situation, it may calm your nerves to know what to expect. Surgery can be a scary experience for some patients, and we want to ensure that you feel safe and relaxed before your procedure.
Dr. Cohen, our highly experienced thyroid surgeon, specializes in minimally invasive surgery. Traditional thyroid surgeries leave a large, noticeable mark on the neck, but Dr. Cohen has perfected the use of a small incision that won’t leave you feeling unconfident after surgery.
During the procedure, you will receive general anesthesia, which means that you won’t be conscious. Once you’re unconscious, the thyroid surgeon will make a small incision in the center of your neck. The surgeon will then remove a portion of your thyroid or the entire gland. The procedure typically lasts a few hours, depending on the type of surgery required.
Once the procedure is over, you may experience a weak or hoarse voice along with neck pain. This is often a result of nerve irritation that occurs during most surgeries. You are able to eat and drink as usual, and you may be able to go home the same day. Your surgeon will determine the best aftercare for your specific situation.
Once you’ve left the hospital, you can usually return to your routine activities within a week. You will want to wait at least two weeks before doing any strenuous activity.
If you’ve been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, you want to receive the best care possible. Our team of experts provides top-notch thyroid surgery in Los Angeles. No matter the type of surgery you require, you can count on us for treatment that allows you live a healthier and happier life.
There are all sorts of factors that are used as markers to indicate your thyroid health. One of these factors concerns the TSH levels in your blood. By looking at results from a simple blood test, a doctor can determine if you suffer from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. In fact, using these levels is an ideal way to not only understand your thyroid health but to also determine the most ideal treatment option.
TSH, which stands for thyroid stimulating hormone, is a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland. TSH stimulates the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which are produced by the thyroid gland.
In the pituitary gland, another hormone, known as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), stimulates the release of TSH. As TSH goes into the thyroid, the levels are dictated by T3 and T4 levels in your blood.
- Genetics
- Iodine deficiency or excess
- Pregnancy
- Medications
- Inflammation of the thyroid gland
- Thyroid cancer
In adults, the average TSH level ranges from 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L. Ideal levels are below 2.5, and anything above 2.5 is considered at-risk. Levels above 4.0 mIU/L are a good indication of an underactive thyroid gland, also known as hypothyroidism. For levels below 0.4 mIU/L, chances are that the thyroid is overactive—also known as hyperthyroidism.
Unless you’re already scheduled for a blood test, chances are you won’t know that your TSH levels are potentially imbalanced. This means that it’s crucial to understand the symptoms of hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism.
Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include weight gain, fatigue, weakness, dry skin, hair loss, and irritability. Hyperthyroidism causes symptoms, including appetite changes, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and increased sweating.
Treatment for TSH level imbalances requires properly treating the underlying thyroid condition. If you experience any of the symptoms above, it’s important to seek medical attention to receive the treatment you need. For most patients, medication is useful in balancing thyroid hormone levels. For others, surgery may be required to remove a part of the gland.
Do you suffer from the symptoms of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism? If so, make today the day you take charge of your health. At the Surgery Group of LA, our doctors are experienced in diagnosing and treating thyroid conditions. Call our office today at 310.289.1518 to schedule an appointment and to get your thyroid health back to optimal levels.
Thyroid nodules affect up to 50% of the population 1 and in some cases may require surgical removal. Let’s take the mystery out of this common condition and explore the treatment options.
Do you have a lump in your throat?
A nodule is just that, a lump or growth on the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the throat and produces hormones that regulate metabolism. These lumps can occur in groups and may be solid or filled with fluid. 90% of thyroid nodules are non-cancerous, 2 and the remaining 10% are rarely life-threatening.
Nodules are more common in women than in men. Your risk of developing nodules increases with age, exposure to radiation, and may have a genetic component.
- Multinodular Goiter. A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid, including those caused by multiple nodules. One cause is iodine deficiency, which is very rare in the US due to the availability of iodized salt.
- Thyroid Cancer. Most nodules are not cancerous, but if they are hard, large, or cause pain they become one of the primary thyroid removal reasons. If there is concern that a nodule might be cancerous, a biopsy will be needed, and thyroid surgery may be the best option for treatment.
- Adenomas. These are an overgrowth of normal thyroid tissues. They may be classified as warm (producing normal hormones), cold (producing no hormones), or hot (over-producing hormones).
- Thyroid Cysts. When an adenoma begins to degenerate, it may turn into a fluid-filled cyst. These are typically benign but may contain solid tissues that should be checked for cancer risk.
- Thyroiditis. This is a chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland which may be caused by bacteria or a condition known as Hashimoto’s disease, which causes hypothyroidism.
- Hormone-related symptoms: rapid irregular heartbeat, unexplained weight changes, nervousness, fatigue, depression, and constipation.
- Enlargement-related symptoms: visible enlargement, difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarse voice, or pain at the base of the neck.
If you experience any of the above symptoms or if a biopsy indicates there is a risk of cancer, thyroid surgery may be the best option for a full recovery. Your thyroid surgeon will fully explain the procedure which will involve removal of the nodules or, depending on your diagnosis, may include a partial or complete removal of the thyroid gland.
Utilizing minimally invasive surgery techniques at Surgery Group LA, thyroid surgery recovery is quick and easy. Your thyroid surgeon will use the best technology available to minimize pain and eliminate visible scarring. You may be able to go home the same day, and be back at work in a week, although you should avoid strenuous activity for two weeks.
We believe everyone is entitled to the best possible care and a comfortable patient experience before, during, and after necessary surgery. Reach out to us today at 424-303-4949 to schedule an examination and learn more about your options, including the robotic Da Vinci technique!
Sources
2. https://www.hormone.org/diseases-and-conditions/thyroid/thyroid-nodules
Overview
What is the Thyroid Gland?
The thyroid, located in the front lower region of the neck, is a gland that produces thyroid hormones. These hormones are necessary for many bodily functions, as they impact our muscles, bones, skin, heart, brain, liver, kidneys, digestive tract, and more. Primarily, surgery is performed only after the thyroid is deemed suspicious by a biopsy. Unusual findings, or a biopsy that shows signs of cancer, may indicate a number of problems in your endocrine system. Operations, medication, or other therapies are advised for patients who have a variety of thyroid conditions.What is Thyroid Disease?
Thyroid Disease is a broad term that encompasses a range of conditions affecting the thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of your neck. This gland plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions by producing thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones influence metabolism, energy production, and the proper functioning of organs and tissues.
When the thyroid gland doesn’t function as it should, it can lead to a variety of thyroid diseases. These conditions can manifest in several ways, impacting your overall health and well-being. Some thyroid diseases may cause an overproduction of hormones (hyperthyroidism), while others result in an underproduction (hypothyroidism). In some cases, the thyroid gland may develop nodules or become enlarged (goiter).
Symptoms & Causes
What causes Thyroid Disease?
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, the primary categories of thyroid disorders, can originate from an array of underlying conditions that influence the thyroid gland’s functionality.
The causes of hypothyroidism include:
- Autoimmune Thyroiditis: This is one of the leading causes of hypothyroidism, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a common example.
- Iodine Deficiency: A lack of iodine in the diet can hinder the production of thyroid hormones, potentially leading to an underactive thyroid.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as lithium or amiodarone, can interfere with thyroid function and contribute to hypothyroidism.
The causes of hyperthyroidism include:
- Graves’ Disease: This autoimmune disorder prompts the thyroid gland to overproduce hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism.
- Thyroid Nodules: Abnormal growths in the thyroid gland can sometimes produce excess thyroid hormones, causing hyperthyroidism.
- Thyroiditis: Often triggered by viral infections, thyroiditis can lead to the temporary release of stored hormones, resulting in a hyperthyroid state.
What are the symptoms of Thyroid Disease?
Recognizing the symptoms of thyroid disease is vital as they often overlap with other health issues, making it challenging to identify. Whether you’re managing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, the presentation of signs may differ.
Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
- Fatigue: Individuals with hypothyroidism often experience unrelenting fatigue, even after a good night’s sleep.
- Weight Gain: Unexplained weight gain is a classic symptom, accompanied by difficulties in losing weight.
- Cold Sensitivity: Feeling excessively cold, particularly in the extremities, is a common complaint.
- Dry Skin and Hair: Dry skin, brittle hair, and brittle nails are often indicators.
- Depression: Hypothyroidism can contribute to mood disturbances and depression.
- Constipation: Sluggish digestion is a frequent complaint.
- Muscle and Joint Pain: Aches and pains, especially in the muscles and joints, can be present.
- Memory and Cognitive Issues: Some individuals may experience cognitive difficulties and memory problems.
Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- Weight Loss: Hyperthyroidism often leads to unintended weight loss.
- Anxiety and Nervousness: Increased thyroid hormone levels can cause heightened anxiety and nervousness.
- Heat Sensitivity: Feeling excessively warm or sweaty, even in cool temperatures.
- Tremors: Shaky hands or a trembling sensation may occur.
- Irregular Heartbeat: Palpitations or a rapid heartbeat can be a concern.
- Increased Appetite: An unexplained increase in appetite may be noticeable.
- Frequent Bowel Movements: Hyperthyroidism can lead to frequent and loose bowel movements.
- Sleep Disturbances: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep may be experienced.
Diagnosis & Screening
How is Thyroid Disease diagnosed?
Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of effective thyroid disease management. The diagnostic process, generally includes the following tests:
- Thyroid Hormone Blood Tests: Thyroid blood tests, including TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone), T4, and T3 levels, provide crucial insights into thyroid function. Elevated TSH may indicate an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), while decreased TSH levels can signal an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).
- Thyroid Antibody Testing: In cases where autoimmune thyroid diseases are suspected, measuring thyroid antibodies, such as anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, can confirm the diagnosis.
- Imaging Tests: In certain instances, ultrasound or nuclear scans may be employed to assess the thyroid’s physical structure and identify abnormalities or nodules.
Treatment
How is Thyroid Disease treated?
When it comes to thyroid disease, effective treatment is pivotal in restoring well-being and maintaining a balanced thyroid function. Here are the treatment approaches we offer:
- Medication Therapy: For individuals with hypothyroidism, synthetic thyroid hormones (like levothyroxine) can be prescribed to replace the missing hormones, bringing thyroid levels back to normal.
- Anti-thyroid Medications: In cases of hyperthyroidism, anti-thyroid drugs such as methimazole or propylthiouracil can help regulate the excessive production of thyroid hormones.
- Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Therapy: RAI is a treatment for hyperthyroidism, where a radioactive form of iodine is used to reduce thyroid gland activity.
- Thyroid Surgery (Thyroidectomy): In some cases, surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland may be necessary to treat thyroid disorders.
Prognosis
What to expect after having my thyroid removed?
After undergoing a thyroidectomy, a surgical procedure to remove your thyroid gland, you can anticipate several important post-operative considerations. In the immediate recovery phase, you’ll typically spend a day or two in the hospital, where medical professionals will closely monitor your condition and provide pain management as needed. A scar on your neck will be a visible reminder of the surgery, and proper wound care is essential to minimize its appearance over time.
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy becomes a lifelong commitment after thyroid removal. Without a thyroid gland, your body can no longer produce thyroid hormones naturally. Achieving the correct hormone balance often requires dosage adjustments and regular monitoring through blood tests. Adhering to your prescribed treatment plan and maintaining regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider is key to managing your health and quality of life. Thyroidectomy may bring emotional and psychological challenges, but with proper support and care, many individuals successfully resume their daily routines, and quality of life improves.
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