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Parathyroid Surgery

If you have been diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid cancer it's vital that you see an experienced specialist to effectively treat your condition. Hyperparathyroidism is frequently under-diagnosed, and it may not be treated effectively without the use of surgery to remove affected glands and tumors impairing their function. Our parathyroid specialists will help you gain a better understanding of hyperparathyroidism and your treatment options available.
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Overview

What are Parathyroid Glands?

There are four parathyroid glands located in the neck, just behind the thyroid. These glands and the thyroid are both essential parts of the endocrine system. While they share very similar names, they have completely separate functions in the body. The parathyroid glands are very small—typically about the size of an apple seed—and they are responsible for regulating the levels of calcium in the body.

Because calcium plays so many roles in the human body, from the building blocks of the skeletal system to the contraction of muscles, to the communication of nerves, even a small imbalance of this mineral can cause widespread health issues. Most commonly, calcium imbalances related to parathyroid disorders are caused by an over-activity of these glands due to the growth of non-cancerous tumors, which is known as hyperparathyroidism.

Symptoms & Causes

What causes Hyperparathyroidism?

Hyperparathyroidism results from the overactivity of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Several factors contribute to the development of this condition:

  • Parathyroid Adenoma: A parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor that is located on one of the parathyroid glands. This tumor causes the gland to release more parathyroid hormone, which can lead to hyperparathyroidism. Treating parathyroid adenoma requires parathyroid surgery, also known as a parathyroidectomy, to remove the tumor.
  • Parathyroid hyperplasia: This condition leads to elevated parathyroid hormone levels, as well as blood calcium levels. Elevated calcium levels can cause several symptoms, including kidney stones, lethargy, constipation, and nausea.
  • Parathyroid cancer: A rare form of parathyroid disease in which malignant cells form in the tissues of the parathyroid glands which can result in overproduction of PTH. Symptoms of parathyroid cancer include a lump in the neck, as well as feeling tired, weakness, nausea, loss of appetite, and extreme thirst. To diagnose this form of cancer, tests are conducted to examine the neck, as well as blood tests.
  • Genetic Factors: In some cases, there may be a genetic predisposition to hyperparathyroidism, making it more prevalent in certain families.
  • Age and Gender: Hyperparathyroidism is more common in women and is often diagnosed in individuals over 50 years old.
  • Radiation Exposure: Previous exposure to radiation, especially around the head and neck region, can increase the risk of developing hyperparathyroidism.
  • Kidney Disease: Impaired kidney function can disrupt the balance of minerals in the body, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  • Vitamin D Deficiency: Inadequate levels of vitamin D, essential for calcium absorption, can contribute to hyperparathyroidism.

What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism issues?

The symptoms of hyperparathyroidism can vary greatly, and many of them overlap with symptoms of other conditions—including common thyroid disorders. Therefore, it is important to take a broad look at a patient’s health with a complete blood panel to accurately diagnose hyperparathyroidism. Below, you can get a look at some of the most likely signs and symptoms of parathyroid malfunction, which may prompt you to seek specialized care and parathyroid treatment from The Surgery Group of Los Angeles.
  • High calcium levels
  • Low vitamin D
  • Kidney stones
  • Bone aches and pains
  • Mood and/or memory disturbances
  • Gastric reflux disease
  • Fatigue
  • High blood pressure

Diagnosis & Screening

How is hyperparathyroidism diagnosed?

Accurate diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism involves comprehensive assessments. Healthcare professionals employ the following methods:

  • Blood Tests: Measure calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone levels to identify imbalances.
  • Urine Tests: Evaluate calcium levels excreted in urine, providing insights into kidney function.
  • Imaging Studies: Utilize ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRIs to visualize the parathyroid glands and detect abnormalities.
  • Bone Density Tests: Assess bone health and density, revealing potential effects of elevated parathyroid hormone.
  • Clinical Evaluation: Combine symptoms analysis with medical history for a holistic diagnostic approach.

Early and precise diagnosis facilitates prompt intervention, optimizing outcomes for individuals with hyperparathyroidism.

Treatment

How is hyperparathyroidism treated?

Because hyperparathyroidism is often a result of a benign tumor of the parathyroid glands, parathyroid surgery is often necessary to address the condition. Unlike an overactive thyroid that can be treated with medication and other conservative treatments, the parathyroid glands will not return to normal function until tumors have been removed.

Fortunately, modern surgical techniques have facilitated procedures that leave minimal scarring, with reduced damage to healthy tissues for more successful surgical outcomes. Our parathyroid surgeon Dr. Cohen and his team specialize in minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. Unlike traditional parathyroid surgery, you don’t need to worry about an unsightly scar across your neck.

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy – what is MIP?

For the last few years, MIP has become the preferred method of removing tumors on the parathyroid glands. The surgery has a high success rate and a much lower complication rate when compared to traditional parathyroid surgery.

The surgery involves removing tumors from the impacted parathyroid gland. Patients who have parathyroid disease typically only have tumors on one of the glands. In the past, surgery involved opening the neck to expose all four of the glands, but, with MIP, a very small incision (less than an inch!) is used to remove the tumor. With minimally invasive surgery, there’s less risk of complication, a reduced recovery period, and a nearly invisible scar.

Prognosis

What is the outlook for hyperparathyroidism?

With timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for hyperparathyroidism is generally positive. Surgical interventions, like parathyroidectomy, can effectively restore normal hormone levels, alleviating symptoms. Early detection plays a crucial role in preventing complications such as kidney stones and bone density issues.

Frequently Asked Questions about Parathyroid Disease

What health issues can a parathyroid condition cause?

An overactive parathyroid gland may lead to high calcium levels, causing kidney stones, fatigue, cardiovascular issues and bone thinning.

What’s the difference between parathyroid glands and thyroid glands?

Although located near each other, the parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels, while the thyroid gland controls metabolism and energy.

What are the risks of leaving parathyroid disease untreated?

Without treatment, complications like severe bone loss, fractures, or kidney issues can develop.

What is minimally invasive parathyroid surgery?

It’s a targeted surgical procedure that uses small incisions, allowing quicker recovery and minimal scarring.

How quickly can I return to daily activities after parathyroid surgery?

Most patients resume normal activities within a few days, but it’s best to follow your surgeon’s specific recovery guidelines.

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Schedule a consultation with a Parathyroid Specialist Near Me

Seeking care from hyperparathyroidism specialists is essential for effective management. Our dedicated team of doctors are experienced in hyperparathyroidism treatment, ensuring that you receive expert care tailored to your condition. We're here to answer your questions and guide you on your journey to better health.

Surgery Group of LA is a multi-specialty surgical practice based in Los Angeles, dedicated to providing expert, compassionate care across a wide range of specialties including colorectal, thyroid, general, and minimally invasive surgery. Our board-certified surgeons are committed to delivering personalized treatment using the latest technology and techniques.

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310-861-7493

8635 W 3rd St Suite 880 W,
Los Angeles, CA 90048
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