What causes Bowel Obstruction: 5 Possible Causes

Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a serious medical condition that occurs when the normal flow of digestive contents through the intestines is blocked. This obstruction can lead to severe complications if left untreated. In this article, we’ll explore five possible causes of bowel obstruction, common symptoms, and available treatment options.

5 Causes of Bowel Obstruction

Adhesions

Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that form between abdominal tissues and organs, often as a result of previous abdominal surgeries or inflammation. According to studies, adhesions are the leading cause of small bowel obstruction, accounting for up to 60-70% of cases. These adhesions can twist or compress the intestines, leading to bowel obstruction. Symptoms of small bowel obstruction caused by adhesions include abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, and constipation.

Hernias

Hernias occur when a portion of the intestine protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, forming a bulge. In some cases, the herniated intestine can become trapped or twisted, leading to bowel obstruction. Hernias, particularly inguinal and femoral hernias, can cause both small and large bowel obstruction. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and a visible bulge or swelling in the groin or abdomen.

Cancer

Colorectal cancer and other abdominal cancers can cause bowel obstruction by physically blocking the passage of stool and digestive contents through the intestines. According to statistics, colorectal cancer accounts for a significant proportion of cases of large bowel obstruction. Symptoms of bowel obstruction due to cancer may include abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, changes in bowel habits, and unintentional weight loss. Early detection and treatment of cancer can help prevent bowel obstruction and improve outcomes.

Volvulus

Volvulus occurs when a portion of the intestine twists around itself, leading to a bowel obstruction. This twisting can occur in various parts of the intestines, including the small bowel and the colon. Volvulus is more common in certain populations, such as older adults and individuals with a history of abdominal surgeries or congenital conditions affecting the intestines. Symptoms of volvulus-induced bowel obstruction may include severe abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and vomiting.

Intussusception

Intussusception is a rare condition that occurs when one segment of the intestine telescopes into another segment, causing a bowel obstruction. This condition is more common in infants and young children but can also occur in adults. Intussusception can lead to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools, and a palpable abdominal mass. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, often with a procedure called a barium enema or surgery, are essential to relieve the obstruction and prevent complications.

Treatment Options

Treatment for bowel obstruction depends on the underlying cause, severity of symptoms, and the patient’s overall health. In many cases, conservative measures such as bowel rest, intravenous fluids, and nasogastric decompression may be initially attempted. However, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve the obstruction, repair hernias, remove adhesions, or address underlying conditions such as cancer.

Bowel obstruction is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. By understanding the possible causes, recognizing common symptoms, and seeking medical attention early, individuals can take proactive steps to address bowel obstruction and improve their overall health and well-being.

Stay informed, stay vigilant, and prioritize your digestive health—because early detection and treatment can make all the difference in managing bowel obstruction.